Abstract
he increasing frequency and intensity of heatwaves pose significant threats to urban populations, especially in secondary cities of the Global South. Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC), Bangladesh, faces rising temperatures, urban heat island effects, and inadequate infrastructure to manage heat stress effectively. This study assesses the role of non-state actors in urban elimate governance related to bearwave mitigation and adaptation in RCC. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including household surveys (n-310), key informant interviews, and focus group discussions, to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The study examines non-state actors contributions, identifies barriers, and explores governance dynamics. Non-state actors such as NGOs, community-based organizations, and private sector groups contribute through public awareness campaigns, emergency support, and small-scale urban greening projects. However, these efforts are often fragmented and lack coordination with governmental initiatives. Vulnerable populations, including low-income households, outdoor laborers, women, and the ciderly, are disproportionately affected, experiencing direct health impacts such as heatstroke and dehydration, as well as indirect effects like mental stress and reduced productivity. Institutional challenges identified include insufficient funding, limited technical capacity, and lack of formal recognition within governance structures. Strengthening climate resilience in cities like Rajshahi requires a multi-stakeholder approach that integrates non-state actors into formal governance frameworks. Policy recommendations include enhanced coordination, inclusive planning, and dedicated support for grassroots interventions to improve adaptive capacity.
Keywords: Urban Heatwaves, Climate Governance, Non state Actors, Adaptive Capacity, Rajshahi City Corporation
