Unveiling the Power Dynamic: A Critical Review of the Belt and Road Initiative's Impact on China-Bangladesh Relations

This systematic review synthesizes existing literature to analyze the power dynamics between China and Bangladesh within the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) framework. Through rigorous article retrieval, evaluation, and analysis, 192 studies (16 books, 173 articles, and three conference proceedings) were included, supplemented by additional studies from reference lists. The review employs an integrated theoretical framework combining neorealism and neoliberal institutionalism to examine the intricate dynamics at play comprehensively. Key findings reveal diverse dimensions, including China’s hegemonic ambition, economic cooperation, infrastructure development, and geopolitical implications. The review identifies two narratives: one emphasizing the benefits of closer ties with China and the other expressing concerns about sovereignty and dependency. It underscores the transformative impact of the BRI on the China-Bangladesh relationship and emphasizes the need for further analysis of power dynamics. This research informs policymakers and practitioners, contributes to scholarly discourse, and highlights the evolving nature of this bilateral relationship under the BRI.